Difference between revisions of "Zhuori"
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Appropriate complex onsets (word-initial) include: ST, SR, SK, TR and KR.<br /> | Appropriate complex onsets (word-initial) include: ST, SR, SK, TR and KR.<br /> | ||
Appropriate complex codas (word-final) include: ST, TS, RS, SK, KS, RT, and RK. | Appropriate complex codas (word-final) include: ST, TS, RS, SK, KS, RT, and RK. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =Grammar= | ||
+ | ==Nouns== | ||
+ | Nouns are inflected by possessive person, case, number, and obviation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Possessive Person=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;" | ||
+ | !1s | ||
+ | |ii~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !1p | ||
+ | |ke~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !2s | ||
+ | |ri~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !3s | ||
+ | |ga~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !3p/2p | ||
+ | |me~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !4s | ||
+ | |u~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !4p | ||
+ | |uu~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Case=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;" | ||
+ | !Nominative | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Dative | ||
+ | |~da | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Ablative | ||
+ | |~ba | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Locative | ||
+ | |~lo | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Instrumental | ||
+ | |~ni | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Translative | ||
+ | |~ra | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Obviation/Number=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;" | ||
+ | ! | ||
+ | !Singular | ||
+ | !Plural | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Proximal | ||
+ | |~y | ||
+ | |~ys | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Obviative | ||
+ | |~u | ||
+ | |~um | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Verbs== | ||
+ | Verbs are inflected by subject, direct object, tense, and mood. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Subject=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;" | ||
+ | !1s | ||
+ | |ii~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !1p | ||
+ | |ke~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !2s | ||
+ | |ri~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !3s | ||
+ | |ga~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !3p/2p | ||
+ | |me~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !4s | ||
+ | |u~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !4p | ||
+ | |uu~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Direct Object=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;" | ||
+ | !1s | ||
+ | |~y | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !1p | ||
+ | |~ki | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !3s | ||
+ | |~ge | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !3p | ||
+ | |~my | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !4s | ||
+ | |~u | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !4p | ||
+ | |~thuu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Person Hierarchy==== | ||
+ | Zhuori has the following person hierarchy: | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''2nd > 1st > 3rd proximal > 3rd obviative''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | A lower-ranking subject cannot take a higher-ranking object. For this, an inverse suffix ''va'' exists that immediately precedes the direct object suffix. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Tense=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;" | ||
+ | !Past | ||
+ | |nǫ~ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Present | ||
+ | |~is | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Future | ||
+ | |~isǫn | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Mood=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | =Lexicon= | ||
+ | ==Numbers== | ||
+ | [File:ZhuoriNumbers.jpg] |
Revision as of 03:11, 22 July 2015
Zhuori is the language spoken by the upper class in a currently unnamed commission project by Elmer Johnson.
Contents
Orthography
Zhuori uses a regular abugida that uses diacritics for monophthongs, diphthongs, and gemination of consonants.
The nuclear vowel, or initial vowel in a diphthong of a syllable is located in the upper left. The off-glide or secondary vowel is in the bottom right.
In this chart, B is shown in its geminate form to show the diacritic for geminates.
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | Unvoiced | p ‹P› | t ‹T› | k ‹K› | ||||
Voiced | b ‹B› | d ‹D› | g ‹G› | |||||
Nasal | m ‹M› | n ‹N› | ŋ ‹NG› | |||||
Fricative | Unvoiced | ɸ ‹F› | θ ‹TH› | s ‹S› | ʃ ‹SH› | |||
Voiced | β ‹V› | z ‹Z› | ʒ ‹ZH› | |||||
Approximant | r ‹R› | j ‹J› | h ‹H› | |||||
Lateral | ɬ ‹L› |
Vowels
Vowel length is phonemic.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i ‹I› · y ‹Y› | ʉ ‹U› | u ‹O› |
Mid | e ‹E› | ə | o ‹Ǫ› |
Low | a ‹A› |
Diphthongs
Zhuori has many diphthongs, both rising and falling.
Rising:
IPA | Orth. |
---|---|
aɪ | AY |
aʊ | AU |
eɪ | EY |
uʊ | OU |
oɪ | UY |
Falling:
IPA | Orth. |
---|---|
ie | YE |
ia | YA |
iʊ | YU |
ʉɔ | UO |
ʉa | UA |
Phonotactics
Appropriate complex onsets (word-initial) include: ST, SR, SK, TR and KR.
Appropriate complex codas (word-final) include: ST, TS, RS, SK, KS, RT, and RK.
Grammar
Nouns
Nouns are inflected by possessive person, case, number, and obviation.
Possessive Person
1s | ii~ |
---|---|
1p | ke~ |
2s | ri~ |
3s | ga~ |
3p/2p | me~ |
4s | u~ |
4p | uu~ |
Case
Nominative | |
---|---|
Dative | ~da |
Ablative | ~ba |
Locative | ~lo |
Instrumental | ~ni |
Translative | ~ra |
Obviation/Number
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Proximal | ~y | ~ys |
Obviative | ~u | ~um |
Verbs
Verbs are inflected by subject, direct object, tense, and mood.
Subject
1s | ii~ |
---|---|
1p | ke~ |
2s | ri~ |
3s | ga~ |
3p/2p | me~ |
4s | u~ |
4p | uu~ |
Direct Object
1s | ~y |
---|---|
1p | ~ki |
3s | ~ge |
3p | ~my |
4s | ~u |
4p | ~thuu |
Person Hierarchy
Zhuori has the following person hierarchy:
2nd > 1st > 3rd proximal > 3rd obviative
A lower-ranking subject cannot take a higher-ranking object. For this, an inverse suffix va exists that immediately precedes the direct object suffix.
Tense
Past | nǫ~ |
---|---|
Present | ~is |
Future | ~isǫn |
Mood
Lexicon
Numbers
[File:ZhuoriNumbers.jpg]