Asakai

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Ash is my attempt at a "universal language". While I do not believe a universal language is either possible or recommendable, this is a project devoted to that specific task. It is not based on any language or language group, but rather strictly upon linguistic regularities.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar (Alveo-)Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive (Voiceless) p t k
Plosive (Voiced)1 b d
Nasal m n
Fricative (Voiceless) f s ɕ h
Fricative (Voiced) v z ʑ
Affricate (Voiceless)2 ts tɕ ‹ch›
Affricate (Voiced) dz dʑ ‹j›
Approximant r3 j ‹y› w
  1. Voiced consonants only occur word-medially and may instead be articulated as making the preceding vowel long.
  2. Affricates are allophones of their corresponding plosives before certain high vowels ([t~ts~tɕ] _[HIGH]) but are phonemic elsewhere.
  3. Any rhotic.

Vowels

Back Front
High i u
Low a

Diphthongs

/aɪ/, /aʊ/

Phonotactics

Syllable structure is (C)V(Q), where Q is a nasal, fricative, or rhotic.

([[13 onsets * 5 nuclei] + 12 affricates+/a/,/aɪ/,/aʊ/)] * 6 codas {[[ + 5 voiced onsets * 5 nuclei] + 12 voiced affricates+/a/,/aɪ/,/aʊ/] * 6 codas} = 462 monosyllables, 222 word-medial syllables.

  • Coronal (labial and alveolar) consonants assimilate place regressively in contact.
  • Voicing assimilates regressively in contact.

Grammar

SVO, head-initial.

Analytical language with minimal differentiation.

These larger cattle-dogs here that we saw to buy were cheaply purchased by my father.

SUBJECT Noun adjunct Adjectival Phrase Number Adnominal Complement Determiner/Genitive Infinitive Phrase Relative clause VERB+Adverb+Tense+Voice Preposition OBJECT Noun adjunct Adjectival Phrase Number Adnominal Complement Determiner/Genitive Relative clause Infinitive Phrase
(The) Dog cattle large +more [plural] here these to buy that we saw were cheaply purchased by father my.

Nominal Suffixes

To:
Noun 'ar
Verb 'in
Adjective 'ish
Adverb ri

Pronominal Suffixes

  • Plural: ti
  • Reflexive: sif