Difference between revisions of "Sehali language"

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(C)V(C)
 
(C)V(C)
  
−
=Syntax=
+
=Grammar=
−
Primarily VSO.
+
Primarily VSO. Isolating.
 +
 
 +
==Nouns==
 +
===Number===
 +
*'''Duel suffix''': ̤at
 +
*'''Plural suffix''': ̗iss
 +
 
 +
===Case===
 +
*'''Genitive case prefix''': äl
 +
*'''Dative case prefix''': ẖán
 +
 
 +
===Definiteness and Deixis===
 +
Preposed particles:
 +
 
 +
*'''Indefinite''': in
 +
*'''Definite''': wus
 +
*'''Proximal''': di̗s
 +
*'''Mesioproximal''': di̤š
 +
*'''Mesiodistal''': da̤r
 +
*'''Distal''': dar
 +
 
 +
==Verbs==
 +
Verbs are defined by roots.  They are inflected by tense (past, present, future), voice (active, passive), mood (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), and have many derivations.
 +
 
 +
Examples use the base w-d-m "to live"
 +
 
 +
===Indicative Paradigm===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:450px;"
 +
!
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!Past
 +
!Present
 +
!Future
 +
|-
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!1 (base)
 +
|wadm'''ä''' (lived)
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|'''wadam''' (live)
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|w'''í'''džam (will live)
 +
|-
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!2 (nominal)
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|colspan="3"|w'''i'''dm'''a̤ġ''' (life)
 +
|-
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!3 (causative)
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|'''dzṳ'''wādma̤ (gave birth)
 +
|dzṳwadam (give birth)
 +
|dzṳwídžam (will give birth)
 +
|-
 +
!4 (dative)
 +
|'''ži̗'''wādma̤ (gave rise to)
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|ži̗wadžam (give rise to)
 +
|ži̗widžam (will give rise to)
 +
|-
 +
!5 (reflexive)
 +
|'''äj'''wādma̤ (remembered)
 +
|äjwadam (remember)
 +
|äjwídžam (will remember)
 +
|-
 +
!6 (reciprocal)
 +
|'''u'''wa'ädm'''u''' (married)
 +
|uwadamu (marry)
 +
|uwídžam'''i''' (will marry)
 +
|-
 +
!7 (cessative)
 +
|'''ux'''wudma̤'''l''' (died)
 +
|uxwud'''á'''m'''li''' (die)
 +
|uxwídžumli (will die)
 +
|-
 +
!8 (terminative)
 +
|'''ux'''w'''ü'''dma'''s''' (killed)
 +
|uxw'''ü'''dams (kill)
 +
|uxwídžums (will kill)
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Subjunctive Paradigm===
 +
 
 +
===Imperative Paradigm===
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:450px;"
 +
!
 +
!Past
 +
!Present
 +
!Future
 +
|-
 +
!Active
 +
!Passive
 +
|-
 +
!Indicative
 +
!Subjunctive
 +
!Imperative
 +
!Indicative
 +
!Subjunctive
 +
|-
  
 
=Lexicon=
 
=Lexicon=

Revision as of 16:42, 6 April 2015

Sehali (Sehali: Sä̗hāli) [sjaˈħaˌlγi] is a language spoken by reptilian people of the same name. Nomadic, the Sehali are known variously as raiders, traders, and slavers, although make their home mostly in the Miuxleb Plains, controlling major tradeways between the Copper Mountains and the Great East Plateau. Their articulators differ to some extent from humans, but not so greatly that their languages are unintelligible or unlearnable to one another.

Phonology

Consonants

Grapheme Palatalized Velarized Pharyngealized
B /bj/ /bγ/ /bʕ/
D /dj/ /dγ/ /dʕ/
DZ /dzγ/ /dzʕ/
DŽ /dʑ/
F /ɸj/ /ɸγ/ /ɸʕ/
G /gj/ /g/
Ġ /ɣj/ /ɣ/
G̱ /ʡ/
H /h/
Ḥ /ħ/
J /ʕ/
K /kj/ /k/
L /lj /lγ /ɫ/
M /mj/ /mγ/ /mʕ/
N /ɲ/ /n/ /ŋ/
P /pj/ /pγ/ /pʕ/
Q /qj/ /q/ /qʕ/
R /rj/ /rγ/ /rʕ/
S /sj/ /sγ/ /sʕ/
Š /ɕ/
T /tj/ /tγ/ /tʕ/
TS /tsγ/ /tsʕ/
TŠ /tɕ/
W /βj/ /βγ/ /βʕ/
X /xj/ /x/
X̣ /χj/ /χ/ /χʕ/
Y /j/
Z /zj/ /zγ/ /zʕ/
Ž /ʑ/


Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Epiglottal Glottal
Plosive Voiceless Palatalized pj tj kj qj ʔ
Velarized pγ tγ k q
Pharyngealized pʕ tʕ qʕ
Voiced Palatalized bj dj gj ʡ
Velarized bγ dγ g
Pharyngealized bʕ dʕ
Fricative Voiceless Palatalized ɸj sj ɕ› xj χj ħ h
Velarized ɸγ sγ x χ
Pharyngealized ɸʕ sʕ χʕ
Voiced Palatalized βj zj ʑ ɣj ʕ
Velarized βγ zγ ɣ
Pharyngealized βʕ zʕ
Affricate Voiceless Palatalized tsj tɕ
Velarized tsγ
Pharyngealized tsʕ
Voiced Palatalized dzj dʑ
Velarized dzγ
Pharyngealized dzʕ
Nasal Palatalized mj ɲ
Velarized mγ n
Pharyngealized mʕ ŋ
Trill Palatalized rj
Velarized rγ
Pharyngealized rʕ
Approximant Palatalized lj j
Velarized lγ
Pharyngealized ɫ

Vowels

Monophthongs

Front Back
High i u
Low a

Sehali marks secondary articulation of consonants upon vowels when Latinized. A diacritic above the vowel indicates that all consonants following that vowel are pronounced with the indicated secondary articulation. A diacritic below the vowel indicates that all consonants following and including the vowel preceding that vowel are pronounced with the indicated secondary articulation.

  • Palatalization: ́a , ̗a
  • Velarization: ̄a , ̠a
  • Pharyngealization: ̈a , ̤a

Phonotactics

(C)V(C)

Grammar

Primarily VSO. Isolating.

Nouns

Number

  • Duel suffix: ̤at
  • Plural suffix: ̗iss

Case

  • Genitive case prefix: äl
  • Dative case prefix: ẖán

Definiteness and Deixis

Preposed particles:

  • Indefinite: in
  • Definite: wus
  • Proximal: di̗s
  • Mesioproximal: di̤š
  • Mesiodistal: da̤r
  • Distal: dar

Verbs

Verbs are defined by roots. They are inflected by tense (past, present, future), voice (active, passive), mood (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), and have many derivations.

Examples use the base w-d-m "to live"

Indicative Paradigm

Past Present Future
1 (base) wadmä (lived) wadam (live) wídžam (will live)
2 (nominal) widma̤ġ (life)
3 (causative) dzṳwādma̤ (gave birth) dzṳwadam (give birth) dzṳwídžam (will give birth)
4 (dative) ži̗wādma̤ (gave rise to) ži̗wadžam (give rise to) ži̗widžam (will give rise to)
5 (reflexive) äjwādma̤ (remembered) äjwadam (remember) äjwídžam (will remember)
6 (reciprocal) uwa'ädmu (married) uwadamu (marry) uwídžami (will marry)
7 (cessative) uxwudma̤l (died) uxwudámli (die) uxwídžumli (will die)
8 (terminative) uxwüdmas (killed) uxwüdams (kill) uxwídžums (will kill)

Subjunctive Paradigm

Imperative Paradigm

Lexicon

Past Present Future
Active Passive
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Indicative Subjunctive
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